Indonesian coal exports face structural risks as China cuts demand and ASEAN growth plateaus

Indonesian coal exports are entering a structurally weaker phase as China, the country’s largest buyer, cuts thermal coal imports and shifts further toward domestic production and non-fossil power. Export volumes to China peaked in 2023–24 but have since declined, and the report shows that ASEAN markets—despite strong long-term energy demand—cannot fully replace Chinese import capacity. India continues to import significant […]